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Senna |
Introduction : Cassia Angustifolia has several species which contribute to the drug of commerce and were compromised under the single species by Linnaeus as Cassia Senna. Amonge all the varieties present Cassia acutifolia and Cassia angustifolia are the two most widely exported and officially recognised. Cassia angustifolia is widely distrubuted over southern and western India and has been a rich source of senna. It is used as a laxative and has replaced phenolphthalein as an active ingredient in a lot of laxative medications. |
Plant Description : Organic Senna is a small shrub, about 2 m in height. The stem is erect, smooth and pale green. The long spreading branches bearing 5-8 jugate leaflets usually oval, lanceolate, glabrous. The leaves are thicker and stiffer, veins distinct on the under surface, brittle, greyish-green, of a faint, peculiar odour, and mucilaginous, sweetish taste. The flowers are small and yellow.
Pods : The pods are 1.4 to 2.8 in long, about 0.8 in wide, greenish brown to dark brown in colour and contain 5-7 obovate dark brown and nearly smooth seeds. |
Cultivation & Distribution : South and Western India and indegenous to Arabia.
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History : Senna was first brought into use by the Arabian physicians Serapion and Mesue. Achiarius was the first of the Greeks to notice it and he recommends the fruit but not the leaves, where as Mesue prefers the pods to the leaves, which is less potent and does not cause griping. |
Key Active Pytochemicals :
In the leaf : Sennosides A and B based on the aglycones, senosides C & D which are glycosides of aloe-emodin and rhein are present. Others include palmidin A, rhein anthrone & aloe-emodin glycosides, some free anthraquinones.
In the fruit : Sennosides A and B and a closely related glycoside sennoside A1. Naphthalene glycosides, tinnevellin glycoside, 6-hydroxymusizin glycoside, mucilage, flavonoids, volatile oil, sugars, resins, others.
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Botanical Name : CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA
Family : CAESALPINACEAE
Other Name : Senna, Sonamukhi Rajavriksha
Common Names : Alexandrian Senna, Senna occidentalis, Cassia Senna, Cassia lenitiva, Cassia Lanceolata, Cassia officinalis, Cassia aethiopica, Senna acutifolia, Egyptian Senna, Tinnevelly Senna, Cassia angustifolia, East Indian Senna American senna, locust plant
Parts Used : Leaves, Stem & Pods
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